ABSTRACT
Acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy is generally associated with severe liver disease, manifesting with neuropsychiatric symptoms including confusion, lethargy, seizure, coma, and even death. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a proven diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tool in patients with acute and chronic encephalopathies. EEG changes in acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy are associated with background slowing in theta to delta ranges, accompanied by presence of triphasic waves. We reported a patient with acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy showing an unusual burst-suppression pattern, which was reversible with proper treatment.
ABSTRACT
Background@#and PurposeA cognitive intervention (CI) is thought to improve cognition and delay cognitive decline via neuronal plasticity and cognitive resilience. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) might be the first symptomatic stage of Alzheimer's disease, but few studies have examined the beneficial effect of CIs in SCD. We aimed to determine the efficacy of a 12-week, small-group-based, multidomain CI in elderly patients with SCD. @*Methods@#Participants diagnosed with SCD (aged 55–75 years) were consecutively allocated to three groups: group 1, which received group-based CI implementation with lifestyle modifications; group 2, which received home-based lifestyle modifications without CI; and group 3, in which no action was taken. The primary outcome variables were the scores on computerized tests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). The secondary outcomes included scores on tests evaluating general cognition, memory, visuospatial, and executive functions, as well as scores for the quality of life (QoL), anxiety, depression, and degree of subjective complaints. Changes in scores during the study period were compared between groups. @*Results@#The study was completed by 56 SCD participants. The baseline characteristics did not differ among the groups. The primary outcomes (CANTAB scores) did not differ among the groups. However, the outcomes for phonemic word fluency, verbal memory, QoL, and mood were better for group 1 than for the other two groups. Improvements in verbal memory function and executive function were related to the baseline cognitive scores and group differences. @*Conclusions@#CI in SCD seems to be partially beneficial for executive function, memory, QoL, and mood, suggesting that CI is a useful nonpharmacological treatment option in this population.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to analyze dream-enacting behaviors (DEB) using video REM sleep behavior disorder severity scale (RBDSS) during night polysomnography (PSG) and compare them between in patients with idiopathic RBD (iRBD) and patients with symptomatic RBD (sRBD). METHODS: 21 consecutive patients with either iRBD or sRBD were recruited (15 female and 10 male, mean age 63.6+/-13.86 years). Video analysis of DEB in all the REM sleep during their night PSGs was retrospectively performed using RBDSS. According to the clinical history depicting behaviors were also categorized by RBDSS-C to compare with the video RBDSS. Comparison of difference of RBDSS in between patients with iRBD and in those with sRBD was done. The frequency of DEB during the night PSG was measured as RBD density. RESULTS: iRBD patients had higher RBD density than sRBD despite the same disease duration. iRBD patients also tended to have higher RBDSS than sRBD, compatible with higher prevalence of injury history. Night-night variability was observed in the patients comparing RBDSS and RBDSS-C. CONCLUSIONS: RBDSS is an easy tool to analyze severity of DEB in patients with RBD. Analysis of clinical feature of DEB may give a clue to differentiation of RBD patients as well as the alarm for the treatment of RBD to prevent potential injury.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Polysomnography , Prevalence , REM Sleep Behavior Disorder , Retrospective Studies , Sleep, REMABSTRACT
No abstract available.